Now that you have finished reading Desert Spiral Initiative by Howard Gaukrodger, it’s time to turn the story into reality.
All the solutions proposed in our COP27 Anthology are realistic, they have been verified by experts in their field but they will require financial investment, policy changes, research and/or time to become reality and/or scale up. If we start acting now, we can make it happen. This page is designed to give you the tools and information you need to get started on implementing the solutions presented in the story.
Combination of technology and community input with existing and government-proposed methods in Egypt to:
The sequestration of 1,000,000 tonnes of CO2 by planting 50 million trees in 1,737 spirals across 1,000 km of the Western Desert, Egypt, with the option of the innermost spirals being crops to sustain a community in the centre of each spiral. This story presents a complete self-sustaining solution in the form of a fictitious story.
This page contains all the resources and research the author conducted when writing this story, we hope you will find it useful to discover how you can bring this solution to life.
Navigation
- How to turn this story into a reality
- Next steps to make this a reality
- Solution 1: Sustainable Farming
- Meet the author: Howard Gaukrodger
How to turn this story into a reality
This is a story, not a scientific report. However, based on research, we believe the Desert Spiral Initiative is capable of accomplishing the goal of sequestrating 1,000,000 tonnes of CO2 per year when the trees are mature (10 years). We believe this is feasible as a result of the combination of:
- proven, existing technologies
- the desire of the Egyptian government to:
- re-green the Sahara, to expand habitable land, reduce the country’s dependency on imported grain, to construct and/or complete massive engineering projects (Toshka, Qatarra) and to win foreign investment,
- the involvement of the community (all classes, races, religions)
- the recognised global need to plant trees and the support such projects attract
- the rewards for Egypt and the world of even partial success of the Initiative.
The author has compiled a wealth of resources for further reading on the topic.
Online resources
The author has provided all of these sources to research the solution proposed in the story further. Gaukrodger used all of these sources when writing the Desert Spiral Initiative. Click Read More below to view all the links.
Read More
Airships
How Do Hot Air Balloons Work? | Virgin Balloon Flights
How Hot Air Balloons Work | HowStuffWorks
Egypt-balloons-21.jpg (JPEG Image, 1024 × 768 pixels)
Dirigible balloons and their future applications – Space Legal Issues
How CargoLifter's Airship Will Work | HowStuffWorks
Aquifer, NSAS
Toshka irrigation pipelines.png (PNG Image, 941 × 808 pixels)
9th World Water Forum – Dakar 2021
Groundwater: Making the invisible visible in 2022 and beyond | UNESCO
Great Man-Made River – Wikipedia
Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System – Wikipedia
Egypt – Settlement patterns | Britannica
Nubian Sandstone Aquifer_Paper_Quadri_Elena2.pdf
Nubian Aquifer | Unesco Groundwater Portal
Joint Authority for the study and development of the NUBIAN sandstione aquifersystem
Plumbing the Sahara – The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System
Sahara Aquifer – 20X More Water Than Africa's Total Surface Water
Managing shared aquifer resources in Africa – UNESCO Digital Library
Plumbing the Sahara | The Economist
Technology — Seawater Greenhouse
Authorities, Policies
the-future-of-agriculture-in-egypt.pdf
Egypt pushes forward on clean energy
Egypt has 85 projects to adapt to climate change
MWRI – Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation
Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (Egypt) – Wikipedia
Carbon capture
Carbon dioxide, global warming and you – Carbonify
Why Paying Farmers for Reforestation is a Game-Changer – TMA
Agriculture Biodiversity Stewardship Package – DAWE
Carbon Capture: Early Days of a $1 Trillion Industry? – ShareCafe
Converters, Calculators
20 AUD to EGP – Australian Dollars to Egyptian Pounds Exchange Rate
Convert ton to tonne – Conversion of Measurement Units
Convert hectares to square m – Area Conversions
Convert hectares to square km – Area Conversions
TREE SPACING CALCULATOR | How Many Trees Per Acre
Formula calculates how much water each tree needs
Convert ounces to litres – Conversion of Measurement Units
Culture
The Islamic Etiquette of dealing with people | IqraSense.com
Berber Dress | Encyclopedia.com
Sounds of Cairo — Traffic, the Call the Prayer, and more
50 Famous Amazigh (Berber) Names For Baby Boys and Girls
Drones
What’s the Optimal Tree Spacing Distance When Planting Multiple Trees? – Pro-Cut Tree Service
Accelerated Agriculture | Grow Plants Faster
Bringing degraded African land back to life | Africa Renewal
These drones can plant 100,000 trees a day | World Economic Forum
This tech company is using AI and drones to plant trees | World Economic Forum
These seed-firing drones plant thousands of trees each day | Pioneers for Our Planet – YouTube
This Tree-Planting Drone Can Seed Up to 100k Trees a Day — The Latch
How Much Weight Can a Drone Carry? – Drone Tech Planet
Irrigation
Boring Tunnels to make Sahara Green again | by Pavel Konecny | Age of Awareness | Medium
Egypt to complete 19 desalination plants within 18 months – EgyptToday
How Does a Solar-Powered Drip Irrigation System Work – Spheral Solar
Solar Powered Irrigation | Self-Sustaining Properties
Locusts
Misc
Could the Sahara ever be green again? | Live Science
Plants
Epic Guide: The Right Way to Plant a Fruit Tree in the Desert | Gardening in the Desert
Plants That Grow In The Sahara Desert – WorldAtlas
The Best Desert Trees with Pictures and Names
Ethiopia plants 350m trees in a day to help tackle climate crisis | Ethiopia | The Guardian
Grow your own forest: how to plant trees to help save the planet | Trees and forests | The Guardian
Anti-Desertification Plants – DESERTIFICATION
How to grow vegetables in the Sahara Desert – CNN
Ploughs
Delfino Plough – Bringing degraded African land back to life
TREE PLANTATION | Protect And Grow Your Money Growing Trees
Renewables
Egypt pushes forward on clean energy
World’s Largest Solar Project Planned for Saharan Desert
Silt
Egypt to use Nile silt for desert development : An unprecedented project | Horn Affairs
What is river silt: features and useful properties
Ancient gold camp discovered along the Nile
Alluvial Gold Explained – To Help You Find Gold
Similar projects
Qattara Depression Project – Wikipedia
Sahara Forest Project – Wikipedia
The Great Green Wall in Algeria – DESERTIFICATION
Inland Customs Line – Wikipedia
Great Green Wall — The Great Green Wall
Africa's Great Green Wall: close to 18 million hectares of land restored | Africa Renewal
Sahara Forest Project – Wikipedia
Tribes, Places
Egypt – Settlement patterns | Britannica
Unveiling the intriguing tribes of Egypt – Hello Travel Buzz
Major Ethnic Groups in Egypt – WorldAtlas tribes.gif (GIF Image, 230 × 320 pixels)
You can download a further bibliography of sources below
Read Less
Interested in progressing this solution further?
Here are a series of steps you can take to progress this climate solution further. You can also contact us at greenstories@soton.ac.uk and we’d be happy to connect you with experts in these solutions to discuss further.
Actions for policymakers | Encourage the construction of a single spiral (following the concepts in the story) for proof of concept. Ensure accurate information on existing and proposed irrigation projects that would be of significance for The Desert Spiral Initiative (e.g. Toshka canals, New Valley Project). Compile a budget with/without foreign investment for 1, 10, 100, 1000 spirals, with/without access to canal water (i.e. using the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System). Determine the parties (domestic and international) that would be interested in participating in the construction and planting of the spirals. Assess how local communities can be involved (e.g. by building residences and/or utility buildings and/or a mosque, etc.) in the middle of the spirals. Consider how communities residing in the spirals can be compensated for tending the trees and crops in the spiral(s). Identify and promote the benefits of I) the trees and crops grown in the spirals for domestic and international markets, and ii) the production of solar power. |
Actions for funding bodies | Promote the Initiative to decision-makers and communities in Egypt and countries investing in Egypt and its Western Desert-based infrastructure. Invite multiple feasibility studies. |
Actions for business | |
Actions for public | Circulate details of The Desert Spiral Initiative in order to gauge interest. Social media campaigns & lobbying of governments. Find your government representative or Member of Parliament and email them, whether you are in Australia; Canada; UK; USA or elsewhere. Vote for ‘The Party of the Future’. |
Meet the author: Howard Gaukrodger
Howard Gaukrodger. A full-time author, Howard has been involved in writing all his life. He taught English, studied translation, then operated a language consultancy in Norway, though it was his experience cycling, hiking and flying around the globe that inspired his first novel – a humorous travelogue, recently rewritten under the title Campervans Gone Wild. Howard has now turned his attention to climate change, and his second novel, Lufianblid: Global Dawning – the countdown begins, aims to impassion young adults to engage in this crucial issue. Through climate fiction, Howard is convinced we can increase our awareness of the world’s fragility and foster greater efforts to mitigate climate change. LinkedIn ; Gaukrodger.com.
I’ve been interested in the idea of re-greening the Sahara since childhood. When I learned of the aquifer beneath the desert many years ago, I was so struck by the discovery that the knowledge remained with me. It is purely serendipitous that I should be invited to contribute a story on climate change mitigation at the precise and convenient moment of having just finished my first novel on the subject, and that I should choose the topic of re-greening the desert of Egypt when the next COP conference is to be held in that country this November.
Howard Gaukrodger, author